LibGuides: IB History Internal Assessment (IA): Apartheid

"Apartheid Museum" by justin is licensed under CC BY 2.0

"Apartheid was, from 1948 until 1991, the South African government's policy of rigid racial segregation. The word apartheid means separateness in Afrikaans, one of South Africa's official languages.

Built on earlier South African laws and customs, apartheid classified every South African by race as either (1) black, (2) white, (3) Coloured (mixed race), or (4) Asian. Apartheid required segregation in housing, education, employment, public accommodations, and transportation. It segregated not only almost all whites from nonwhites but also major nonwhite groups from each other. It also limited the rights of nonwhites to own and occupy land, and to enter white neighborhoods.

The South African government tried to justify apartheid by claiming that peaceful coexistence of the races was possible only if the races were separated from one another. However, white South Africans used apartheid chiefly as a way to control the vast nonwhite majority.

Most South Africans strongly opposed apartheid. Leading opposition groups included the African National Congress (ANC). Most ANC members were black. Between 1948 and 1991, large numbers of people protested apartheid by staging boycotts, demonstrations, and strikes. Violence often broke out, and thousands of people, most of them black, were killed.

Many countries also opposed apartheid. As a result, South Africa grew increasingly isolated in the world community. In 1962, the United Nations General Assembly urged its members to break diplomatic and economic ties with South Africa until apartheid was abolished. During the 1980's, a widespread economic boycott of South Africa took hold. In response to domestic and international pressure, South Africa began repealing apartheid laws in the 1970's and 1980's. In 1990 and 1991, the government repealed most of the remaining laws that had formed the legal basis of apartheid.

But apartheid's effects continued even after the laws were repealed. Today, many blacks and other nonwhites continue to face unofficial segregation and discrimination in South Africa."

Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Apartheid." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2021, www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar025620.

Apartheid on JSTOR

Click the Research Databases tab to learn how to make a JSTOR account.

Tiryakian, Edward A. “Apartheid and Politics in South Africa.” The Journal of Politics, vol. 22, no. 4, 1960, pp. 682–697. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2126928.
Kaufman, Carol E. “Reproductive Control in Apartheid South Africa.” Population Studies, vol. 54, no. 1, 2000, pp. 105–114. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2584636.
Lapchick, Richard E. “South Africa: Sport and Apartheid Politics.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 445, 1979, pp. 155–165. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1042963.
HENRARD, KRISTIN. “Post-Apartheid South Africa: Transformation and Reconciliation.” World Affairs, vol. 166, no. 1, 2003, pp. 37–55. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20672676.
Harshe, Rajen. “Understanding Transition towards Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 28, no. 38, 1993, pp. 1980–1983. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4400165.
Payne, Richard J. “African-Americans and U.S. Policy toward Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Africa Today, vol. 41, no. 3, 1994, pp. 63–73. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4187002.

Nelson Mandela : fighting to dismantle apartheid by Ann Malaspina
Nelson Mandela's fight to end apartheid in South Africa is a riveting story of hardship, courage, and triumph. One of the great moral leaders of modern history, Mandela never gave up his struggle against racial oppression. Through Mandela's own words, primary documents, photographs, and engaging text, readers will learn about his early life in a small village, the stirrings of his political consciousness, his twenty-seven years of imprisonment for defying apartheid, and the events leading to his election as the first black president of South Africa. The book also explores Mandela's legacy of justice, equality, and dignity, which has inspired people to action around the globe.
South Africa by Don Lawson
Traces the history of South Africa and discusses its economy and the development and current state of its policy of apartheid. Also examines United States-South African relations and includes a glossary of South African terms.
South Africa by Laurel Corona
South Africa's rejection of apartheid has resulted in a new focus and appreciation of its beauty, natural and human resources, history, and culture
Focus on South Africa by Jen Green
Ideal for reports and correlated to the social studies curriculum, World in Focus is a new, up-to-the-minute series providing a comprehensive view of countries around the world. the twelve titles currently in print are part of a 24-volume set that covers each country's history, peoples, government, economy and trade, geography and resources, lifestyle and culture, foreign policy, key current issues, and role in the world today. Maps, charts, graphs, tables, and time lines teach students how to understand information presented in a variety of formats.
Higher Than Hope by Fatima Meer; Winnie Mandela (Foreword by)
A biography of the former South African political prisoner.

IB History Internal Assessment (IA)

Podcast | How Apartheid Worked | Stuff You Should Know

"Apartheid Museum" by justin is licensed under CC BY 2.0

"Apartheid was, from 1948 until 1991, the South African government's policy of rigid racial segregation. The word apartheid means separateness in Afrikaans, one of South Africa's official languages.

The South African government tried to justify apartheid by claiming that peaceful coexistence of the races was possible only if the races were separated from one another. However, white South Africans used apartheid chiefly as a way to control the vast nonwhite majority.

But apartheid's effects continued even after the laws were repealed. Today, many blacks and other nonwhites continue to face unofficial segregation and discrimination in South Africa."

Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Apartheid." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2021, www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar025620.

Apartheid on JSTOR

Click the Research Databases tab to learn how to make a JSTOR account.

Tiryakian, Edward A. “Apartheid and Politics in South Africa.” The Journal of Politics, vol. 22, no. 4, 1960, pp. 682–697. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2126928.

Kaufman, Carol E. “Reproductive Control in Apartheid South Africa.” Population Studies, vol. 54, no. 1, 2000, pp. 105–114. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2584636.

Lapchick, Richard E. “South Africa: Sport and Apartheid Politics.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 445, 1979, pp. 155–165. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1042963.

HENRARD, KRISTIN. “Post-Apartheid South Africa: Transformation and Reconciliation.” World Affairs, vol. 166, no. 1, 2003, pp. 37–55. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20672676.

Harshe, Rajen. “Understanding Transition towards Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 28, no. 38, 1993, pp. 1980–1983. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4400165.

Payne, Richard J. “African-Americans and U.S. Policy toward Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Africa Today, vol. 41, no. 3, 1994, pp. 63–73. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4187002.